Borehole Solarization in Kenya: Benefits, Costs, and Installation

What is Borehole Solarization?

Borehole solarization is the process of converting a borehole’s water pumping system from traditional energy sources (such as electricity or diesel generators) to solar power. This involves installing solar panels that generate electricity to power the water pump. The system allows for sustainable and cost-effective water extraction, making it ideal for rural and off-grid areas in Kenya where power supply can be unreliable or expensive.

With the rising cost of electricity and fuel, borehole solarization has become a preferred choice for individuals, farmers, businesses, and community projects looking to reduce operational costs and ensure a steady water supply.

How Borehole Solarization Works

Borehole solarization systems function using the following key components:

1. Solar Panels – Convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity.

2. Solar Pump Controller (Inverter) – Regulates the power from solar panels and converts DC to alternating current (AC) if needed.

3. Solar Water Pump – Pumps water from the borehole to storage tanks or directly for use.

4. Storage Tank (Optional) – Stores pumped water for later use, especially during cloudy periods.

5. Battery Backup (Optional) – Stores excess solar energy to enable water pumping at night or during low sunlight conditions.What is Borehole Solarization?

Benefits of Borehole Solarization

Borehole solarization provides numerous advantages compared to conventional water pumping systems:

1. Cost Savings – Eliminates electricity and fuel expenses, reducing long-term operational costs.

2. Energy Independence – Provides a reliable water supply without depending on grid electricity or fuel availability.

3. Eco-Friendly – Uses renewable solar energy, reducing carbon emissions and environmental impact.

4. Low Maintenance – Solar-powered systems require minimal maintenance compared to diesel-powered pumps.

5. Durability and Longevity – High-quality solar panels and pumps can last over 20 years with proper maintenance.

6. Remote Accessibility – Ideal for off-grid areas where connecting to electricity is costly or impossible.

Cost of Borehole Solarization in Kenya

The cost of solarizing a borehole varies depending on several factors:

1. Borehole Depth & Water Demand

• The deeper the borehole, the more power required to pump water, which affects the solar panel and pump size.

• Higher water demand (e.g., for irrigation or commercial use) requires a more powerful system.

2. Solar Panel Capacity

• A system with more or higher-wattage solar panels increases costs but ensures efficient pumping.

• Prices for high-quality solar panels range from KES 12,000 – 30,000 per panel, depending on wattage.

3. Pump Specifications

• Submersible solar water pumps cost between KES 40,000 and KES 2,500,000 based on depth and capacity.

• Pumps designed for higher volumes and depths cost more due to increased power requirements.

4. Solar Inverter/Pump Controller

• Converts DC from panels to AC if required and regulates voltage.

• Costs range from KES 20,000 to KES 200,000, depending on system size.

5. Installation Costs

• Includes mounting of solar panels, wiring, and connection to the borehole system.

• Costs range from KES 50,000 to KES 200,000, based on complexity.

6. Battery Backup (Optional)

• Provides nighttime pumping or stability during cloudy weather.

• Battery costs vary from KES 50,000 to KES 500,000, depending on capacity.

Estimated Total Cost:

• Small system (Domestic use, 0-80m borehole): KES 150,000 – 400,000.

• Medium system (Farms & small businesses, 80-200m borehole): KES 400,000 – 1,000,000.

• Large system (Commercial & community projects, 200m+ borehole): KES 1,000,000 – 3,000,000.

Steps to Solarize a Borehole in Kenya

1. Site Assessment – A technician evaluates your borehole depth, water demand, and solar potential.

2. System Design – Experts design a customized solar pumping system based on your needs.

3. Procurement of Equipment – Purchase solar panels, inverter, pump, and necessary accessories.

4. Installation & Wiring – Mounting of solar panels, setting up the controller, and connecting to the pump.

5. Testing & Commissioning – Ensuring the system functions efficiently and meets expected output.

6. Training & Maintenance Guide – Users are guided on best practices for maintaining the system.