Licenses and Permits Required to Drill a Borehole in Kenya

Drilling a borehole in Kenya requires obtaining several permits and licenses to ensure legal compliance and sustainable water use. Here’s a comprehensive guide to the necessary approvals:​

1. Hydrogeological Survey Approval

Before drilling, a hydrogeological survey assesses groundwater availability and determines the optimal drilling site. This survey must be conducted by a licensed geologist, who will provide a detailed report on the area’s groundwater potential. This report is essential for subsequent permit applications. ​

2. Water Resources Authority (WRA) Permit

The Water Resources Authority regulates water use in Kenya. To obtain a WRA permit:​

• Application Submission: Provide the hydrogeological survey report and proof of land ownership or authorization from the landowner.​

• Review Process: WRA evaluates the application to ensure the proposed borehole aligns with water management policies.​

• Permit Issuance: Upon approval, WRA grants a permit authorizing groundwater extraction. ​

3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and NEMA Approval

An Environmental Impact Assessment evaluates the potential environmental effects of the drilling project. Conducted by environmental experts, the EIA identifies both positive and negative impacts. The report is submitted to the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) for approval. A NEMA license is required to proceed legally.